Balanced door



NOV. 5, 1.935. i E H, ELUSON I 2,019,527

BALANCED DOOR Original Filed Feb. 26, 1932 '7 Sheets-Sheet 1 mw )Wlmfju|Nvr-:N-ron EDWARD H. ELLlsoN BEM/Maz ATTORNEYS E. H. ELLISON I BALANCEDDOOR Nov. 5, 1935.

original Filed Feb. 26, 1952 vsheets-sheet 2 INVENTOR EDWAR D H. ELLISONBY v @0M/4m ATTORNEYS E. H. ELLISON Nov. 5, 1935.

BALANCED booR 7 sheets-'sheet 3 Original Filed Feb. 26, 1932 m2 a m s o:m2

INVENTOR EDWARD H ELLISON ATTORNEYS Nov. 5, 1935. E, H., ELLlsoN2,019,527

BALANCED DOOR Original Filed Feb. 26, 1932 '7 SJheets-Sheet 4.

EDWAR D H ELLISON ATTORNEYS E. H. ELLISON Nov. 5, 1935.

BALANGED DOOR Original Filed Feb. 26, 1932 '7 Sheets-Sheet 5 w mu u NElL WH. m mm A i m o E m i E a Nw 34., N2 am E. H. ELLISON N Ov. 5, 1935.

BALANCED DOOR Original Filed Feb. 26, 1932 '7 Sheets-Sheet 6 low'lllllllllllllll/II.

INVENToR EDWARD H. ELLlsoN BY @f/UQAM ATTORNEYS.

E. H. ELLISON 'BALANQED DOOR Nov. 5, 1935.

Original Filed Feb. 26, 1932 .7 Sheets-Sheet 7' INvr-:NToR EDWARD H.ELLIso/N ATTORNEYS Patented Nov. 5, 1935 UNITED STAT Ellison BronzeCompany,

Inc., Jamestown,

N. Y., a corporation of New York Application February 26, 1932, SerialNo. 595,324 Renewed September 12, 1935 31 Claims.

The present invention relates to doors and improved means of mountingthem for sliding and swinging movement to and from an open and closedposition; said means being easy to operate and simple to construct andassemble.

More specifically, the invention comprises a door and door mountingconstruction wherein the door is balanced, so to speak, to render thesame easy to open and to maintain closed against high wind pressures andother disturbing influences. Where doors are used for service inentrances and vestibules of oilce and public buildings, they arerequired to swing outwardly and the wind pressure thereagainst oftenmakes them extremely diflicult to operate. In doors of this character,door closers must be used which exert pressure upon the doors tomaintain them closed against wind pressure from the inside, as forexample, due to a current of air from the vestiloule. The pressurerequired in these door closers adds to the difliculty of opening thedoors and thus frequently becomes objectionable.

The present invention proposes to balance doors of this character bymounting them in such fashion that part of the door swings inwardlywhile the other part swings outwardly. In this fashion, the pressureexerted upon one side of the door is in substantial equilibrium in viewof the fact that part of such pressure tends to open the door and parttends to maintain the same closed. This construction obviously requiresless normal pressure to maintain the door closed and hence permits adoor closer construction to be employed having a comparatively slightspring pressure.

Furthermore, the construction is such that all of the parts maybeconveniently contained within the door to avoid unsightly projectionsand irregular contours and to permit free application of architecturaldesign. The door construction is further adapted to receive all modernimprovements which it is desired to apply thereto and is of adequatestrength to withstand the severe stresses and strains impressed thereonwhen in use.

An object of the invention, accordingly, is to rovide an improved doormounting means whereby wind pressures upon the sides of a door may beequalized and the resistance heretofore produced thereby eliminated.V

A further object of the invention is to provide a door mountingmechanism of the above character wherein a door closer may be utilizedhaving a comparatively slight spring pressure serv--` ing to maintain adoor normally closed.

A further object of the invention is to provide a construction of theabove character, wherein the mounting and auxiliary elements aremaintained within the door in order that the architectural design andbeauty of the door may be 5,

preserved.

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved doormounting mechanism by means of which the adjustable spacing of the doorvertically may be effected.

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved door closingmechanism.

A further object of the invention is to provide a closing mechanism fordoors, wherein the mechanism is contained within the door struc- 151further object of the invention is to provide an improved holdingmechanism for holding a balanced door in its open position.

A further object of the invention is to provide a mounting mechanism forbalancingv doors against wind pressures, such mechanism includ- 3o ingmounting arms in combination with a straightening out or door closingmechanism, as well as a door check.

' A further object of the invention is to provide a mounting mechanismfor doors of the above 35 character by means of which the same may bereadily installed and dismounted, the mechanism further being adaptedfor use in connection with jambs of varying height. y

Further objects not specically enumerated 40 above, will become apparentor be referred to as the invention is described in greater detail inconnection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 is a view in lfront elevation, showing 45 arrows, showing thedoor mounting mechanism in plan. l

Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 2 showing one door moved to a fullyopen position and another door moved to a partially opened position.

Figure 4 is a view in section, taken on line 55 A 4 4 of Figure 2, andlooking in the direction of the arrows, this figure showing thestraightening out device for a door constructed in accordance with thepresent invention, also the door check device, adjustable hinge pin, anda device for holding the door in an open position.

Figure 5 is a View in section, taken on line 5-5 of Figure 4, looking inthe direction of the arrows and showing a plan view of the device forholding the door in open position.

Figure 6 is a view in section, taken on line 6 6 of Figure 4, andlooking in the direction of the arrows, this view shows the upper doormounting arm secured to the top of the hinge and connected to the top ofthe door and also illustrates how the arms may be made in two pieces ifdesired, to reduce the cost of manufacturing and maintaining a stock ofsuch arms of different sizes to be used in hinging doors of variouswidths at either the right or left hand edges thereof.

Figure 1 is a view in section, showing the lower bearing for the doormounting mechanism with the lower door mounting arm secured to thebottom of the hinge and connected to the bottom of the door, togetherwith the manner of adjusting the tension on the coiled spring mounted insaid hinge.

Figure 8 is a view in section, taken on line 8-8 of Figure 7, andlooking in the direction of the arrows, and showing, in dot and dashlines, the door in open position.

Figure 9 is a view in section, taken on line S--Q of Figure 7, andlooking in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 10 is a view in section, taken on line |6| 0 of Figure 4, andlooking in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 11 is a View in section, taken on line l I-I I of Figure 4, andlooking in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 12 is a view in section, taken on line |2-I2 of Figure 4, andlooking in the direction of the arrows. i

Figure 13 is a view in section, taken on line |3|3 of Figure 4, andlooking in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 14 is a view in section, taken on line Ill- I4 of Figure 4, Vandlooking in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 15 is a View in section, taken on line |5-l5 of Figure 6, andlooking in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 16v is a view in section taken on line IE--I of Figure 1 andlooking in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 1'7 is a View in section, taken on line I 1-11 of Figures 3 and16, and looking in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 18 is a view showing the mechanism for adjusting the tension onthe hinge spring of the door.

Figure 19 is a view in section, taken on line lf3-I9 of Figure 18 andlooking in the direction of the arrows. l

Referring to the above drawings, a door of any desired shape or designis shown at 20. A handle 2| and push bars 22 are mounted thereon in theusual fashion. The door is adapted to be swingably andslidably mountedin a suitable doorway formed by a floor 23, a cornice 24 and hollowmullions 25, on a tubular hinge or pivot means 25 disposed within themullions and upper and lower arms 21 and 28 welded, brazed or otherwisesecured at the ends of the hinge.

Referring now to Figure '7, it will be seen that a collar 30 is formedon the upper side of the lower arm 28 and is adapted to t into the lowerend of the tubular hinge 26 to which it is securely fastened or weldedthereto as above described. s

The lower side of the arm 28 is formed to receive a ball step or thrustbearing 3| adapted to support the weight of the door 26 in a manner tobe hereinafter described. Mounted in the floor 23 is a gear box 32 towhich the mullions 25 and m thresholds 33 are secured, see also Figures18 and 19. A gear 34 having a hub 35 on the bottom rface thereof isrotatably mounted in a bearing 36 formed in the bottom of the gear box32; the gear 34 being held in position by a plate 31 which is fastenedto the gear box by screws 38. The plate 31 surrounds a hub 39 formed onthe upper face of the gear 34 and is adapted to hold the gear 34 in thebearing 36. A key 4D is lsecured in notches 4| formed in the sides of acounter- -10 bore 42 cut in the upper face of the gear in any suitablemanner. As here shown the key 40 is secured in the notches 4| by swagingthe sides of the notches against the key, as shown at 43 in Figure 18. Astud 44, having a kerf 45 cut g5 in the head thereof and adapted toengage the key 40, is screwed into the end of a shaft 46 against thelower race 41 of the thrust bearing 3| and locked therein by means of apin 48. The shaft 46 is revolubly mounted in the hinge 26 30 in abearing 49 formed through the hub of arm 28 and the collar 30 abovedescribed.

A spring 52, having one end disposed over a pilot 53 and located in anotch 54 formed in the shaft 46 and the other end disposed over a plug35 55 and located in a notch 56, both of which are anchored to the hinge26 by a pin 51, serves to hold the door 2D closed or to close said doorwhen it is open, as will more fully appear hereinafter.

The shaft 46 is held in position, with the race 41v Q against the ballsof the thrust bearing 3|, by means of a circular plate 6| and gasket 62secured to the bottom of the arm 28 and disposed around the head of thestud 44. Oil holes 63 are provided in the hinge 26 and collar 36 foroiling the 45 bearing 49, and the gasket 62 above described is adaptedto prevent oil from leaking from said bearing. The elevation of thehinge 26 and arm 28 may be varied with respect tothe thresholds 33 andgear 34 by means of shims 64 disposed in the 50 bottom of thecounterbore 42 under the head of the stud 44.

Referring now to Figures 18 and 19 it will be seen that a pinion 61meshing with the gear 34 is mounted in a bearing 68 formed in the bottom55 of the gear box 32. The pinion is provided at its center with asquare hole 69 so that by means of a similarly shaped wrench or key, notshown, it may be rotated at will to turn the gear 34 and adjust thetension of the spring 52 as hereinafter GQ described. A dog 16, urged tocoact with the teeth of the gear 34 by a spring 1 I, is mounted in thebottom of the gear box 32, to hold the gear 34 in any desired position.A removable plate 12, see Figure 8, is fastened to the gear box 32 overthe 65 pinion 61 and dogs 16, by means of screws 13, so as to give readyaccess to these parts for the adjustment of the tension of the spring52.

From the mechanism thus far described, it will be seen that the hinge 26and arm 28 are sup- 70 ported by the gear 34 and adapted to rotate onthe thrust bearing 3| and moreover that when the pinion 61 is rotated ina clockwise direction, the gear 34, key 40 and stud 44 will be rotatedin a counter-clockwise direction and put a tension 75 on the spring 52which will serve to urge the arms 21 and 28, or particularly the hinge26, to rotate in a counter-clockwise direction and assist in closing thedoor 20 or to serve as a means of holding said door closed.

The upper end of the hinge 26 carries an axially movable pin 16 which isreceived within a bearing 11, formed in the upper arm 21 and a collar orbushing 18 fo-rmed thereon. The bushing 18 of the arm 21 is welded tothe hinge 26 as above described. A slot 19 formed in the hinge 26receives set screws which are screwed into the pin 16. By removing thelower set screw, see Figure 13, the pin may be dropped to the positionindicated in dot and dash lines and the door easily removed. In theposition shown in solid line the pin 16 engages a bearing 8| located inone end of a channel bracket 82 mounted within the cornice 24 and thusthe door 20 is hung in a suitable manner on hinge or pivot means 26 andarms 21 and 28, as above described. It will be seen from Figure 1 thatthe upper and lower arms 21 and 28 extend horizontally from the upperand lower ends of the hinge 26 respectively.

The extremity of the lower arm 28 is constructed to form a pivotalconnection with the door and includes a socket 85 adapted to receive ahardened disc 86 and a cup 81. The cup 81 is provided with a convexbottom 88 and a rounded annular rib 89 whereby it is adapted tovariously position itself in the socket 85 on the disc 86. A downwardlyextending bearing 90, carried by a bracket 9| which is secured to thebottom of the door 20 in a recess 92 is adapted to t into the cup 81.disc 93, having a key 94 adapted to fit in a notch in the bottom of thebearing and a second hardened disc 95, are disposed in the bottom of thecup 81. An oil hole 96 is provided in the bracket 9| through which thebearing 90, discs 93 and 95 may be oiled. From Figures 1, 7 and 9, itwill be seen that the parts just described are adapted to furnishsupport for the bottom of the door 20 and that when said door is closedthe arm 28 will fit into recess 92 so as not toconstitute anobjectionable interruption to the even surface and contour thereof.

The upper arm 21, see Figures 4 and 6, engages a shaft 98, having asquared end, for supporting the top of the door and operating a doorclosure and check in a manner which will be described hereinafter; theaxis of the squared shaft 99 being aligned with the axis of the bearing90 and cup 81 in order that the door may be journalled or have a pivotalconnection with each arm upon a single vertical axis which lies betweenthe edges thereof.

It will be seen from Figure 15 that the faces of the shaft 99 areprovided with rounded ribs |08 and adapted to fit into a hardenedbearing I0 secured in the end of the arm 21 by means of rivets |02. Therib 89 on the cup 81 and the rib |00 on the shaft 99, with which thelower and upper arms cooperate respectively serve to permit these partsto properly adjust themselves, notwithstanding they may be slightly outof alignment. The swinging movement of the door 20 is therefore xed bythe hinge 26 and the vertical axis passing through the extremities ofthe arms 21 and 28.

The sliding movement of the door is guided by means of a ball bearingroller |03 journalled upon a stub shaft |04 mounted upon the top of thedoor. The roller |03 is adapted to travel in the channel bracket 82,which is mounted within a soit of the cornice 24 by means of screws |05,and

A hardened depending lugs |06 adapted to fit into the top of the mullion25, see Figures 4, 13 and 17. The roller |03 thus imparts a slidingmovement to the door while the arms 21 and 28 impart a swinging movementthereto as above described. The 5t arms 21-28, in combination with theportion of the door between the axis of the shaft 99 -and roller |03,constitute a toggle which is utilized in a manner hereinafter describedto facilitate the closing and opening of the door. 10v

Within the upper wall of the channel bracket 82 a detent or door holder|01 is mounted to rock on a bolt |08, see Figures 4 and 5. A finger hole|09 is formed in the detent to facilitate its adjustment to and from theposition shown in 15.'

Figures 4 and 17 respectively. A ball H0, urged by a spring confined ina housing I2 formed on the top of the bracket 82 by means of a pin H3,is adapted to fit into depressions |4 in the face of the door holder |01to retain said holder 20.:

in an inoperative position as shown in Figure 4 or in an operativeposition as shown in Figure 17. A stop I5, formed on the end of theholder near the bolt |08 and stops ||6 formed at the upper edge of theface of the holder, serve to limit the 25.y

movement thereof to the positions above described.

Within the door, and preferably at the top thereof adjacent the shaft 99is a cylinder |20 provided with heads 2| and |22. |23 having a diameteradapted to permit it to be compressed against the head |22 by the axialmovement of a reciprocating pistonv |24 is mounted within the cylinder|20. The piston |24 is formed with rack teeth |25 which engage a 35-`pinion |26 mounted upon or formed integrally with the squared shaft 99an-d thus relative rotation between the door 20 and arm 21 cause theshaft 99 and pinion |26 to move the piston |24 A piston 40`K |21 intosaid kerf, see Figure 4, for the passage 50' of fluid from the end ofthe cylinder in which the spring |23 is located, to the compression end|33, of the cylinder. The end of the hole |32 in the piston head |21 isenlarged and formed to provide a seat |34 for a ball |35 to prevent the55 flow of fluid through the passage |30 when the piston is forcedtoward the head |2| and to permit said flow when the piston is movedtoward the spring |23 and head |22. The ball |35 'is retained in theopening at the middle of the hole |32 00 and in proximity to the seat|34 by pins |36 and |31. Obviously, other means may be employed by whichthe passage |30 may be made to perform the functions above mentioned andI am not to be understood to limit this part of my invention to 85r androller |03 are mouted. The casing |40 is 75 i A coil spring 301 fastenedto the top of the door, in an opening provided therefor, by screws |44passing through the plate and a screw I 45 passing through the back edgeof the door into the body of the casing, see Figures 6 and 16.

From Figure 11 is will be seen thata bushing |45 is threaded into thetop of the offset |4| to hold the pinion |26 in a bearing |41 formed inthe bottom of the oiset |4| and that a bushing |48 and packing |49 inthe bushing |46 serve as a bearing for the shaft 99. A set screw |59 isprovided to lock the bushing |46 in its proper position. Adjacent thesquared shaft 99 the top of the casing is cut away at |5|, see Figures6, 11 and 16, to permit the nesting of arm 21 therein when the door 29is in closed position.

The casing |40 and cylinder |25 is nlled with a fluid medium to affordthe desired gradual checking eifect to the door, and the piston withinthe cylinder. A duct |54 is formed in the casing |49 and is adapted tocommunicate with thecylinder i2' through the chambers |42, ports |55 and|56 leading from said duct |54 to the cylinder. The duct |54communicates with the region of the cylinder back of the piston headthrough the chambers |42 while the ports |55 and |56 communicate withthe compression end, |33, of the cylinder. The outward end of the duct|54 is closed by a set screw |51. The size of the port 555 is adapted tobe variably controlled by a needle valve |58 mounted in the casing |49in any suitable well known manner. The passage of fluid through the portis controlled by ball check valve |59 which, by means of a seal |69 issealed in .position after the mechanism is assembled and ready for use.An opening adapted to be closed by a screw |6| is provided for theintroduction of the fluid medium, such as oil, glycerine the like forfilling the cylinder |20 and associated voids.

From the above it will be seen that when the doors shown in Figure 2 areopened to the positions shown in Figure 3 the upper arm 21 will rotatethe pinion |26 in a clockwise direction with reference to the door 29.By virtue of such rotation of the pinion |26 the piston |24 will movefrom the compression end, |33, of the cylinder |25 toward the spring |23and when the piston |24 comes in Contact with the spring |23 it willcontinue so to move until the door is fully opened. One purposetherefore of the spring l 23 is to cushion the door when it is suddenlyopened to full open position and another purpose is to serve as a meansof affording an initial assistance toward closing the door when desired.The pinion |26 and piston |24, irrespective of their door checkingfunction, also provide means for delaying the tensioning of the secondspring |23 until the door is partially open. The pinion and piston have,therefore, a double function of providing a door check and a delayingmeans for tensioning the second spring |23, which functions are joinedin the one structure for the purpose of simplifying the construction.

As the piston |24 is moved toward the spring |23, fluid from the springend of the cylinder |25 will flow through the piston past the valve |35into the compression end of the cylinder. When the door starts to closethe valve |35 will close against the seat |34 and prevent the passage offluid through the passage |39 such that the only escape for the fluidwhich is trapped in the compression end, |33, of the cylinder |29 isthrough the ports |55 and |56, the duct |54 and the fluid chamber 42 tothe spring end of the cylinder. At first, such fluid will escape throughboth ports |55 and |55. This will continue until the piston head |21passes and closes the port |55 and thereafter during the final closingmovement of the door, all fluid trapped in the compres- -5 sion end ofthe cylinder must pass through the port 55. Having provided the needlevalve |53 for controlling the size of the port |55, as above described,I am able to control the rate at which the door is finally closed. l0The construction described is very effective as will now be discussed.The broader aspect of the invention deals with the toggle formed by thearm 21 and the door with the respective three pivot points 16, and 99shown in Figure 10, and 15 the guide means roller |03. The toggle isbest shown in Figure 3. Now a spring 52 tends to rotate the arm 21 whenthe door is open to close the door. Any such spring means, of course,has its maximum tension when the door is open and 20 minimum tensionwhen the door is closed. Because of this fact, a substantial initialtension is usually applied to the spring in order to insure that thedoor will close. In the construction herein, a decreasing tension in thespring 52 as 25 the door closes is compensated for by an increasingpower advantage in the toggle, that is, as the toggle approachesstraightened position its mechanical advantage is greatest, therebytransforming the lesser spring force into an increas- 30- ing doorclosing effort because of the toggle.

Again, when the door is in full open position, the toggle, representedby the arm 21 and the door with the pivots 16,99 and |03, is in aposition where the force of the spring 52 is least ef- 35 fective toclose the door. In order to augment the spring in this position, asecond spring means |23, Figure 4, is provided which acts upon the pivot99 to rotate it and the door and aids particularly the initial doorclosing movement. 40l

Attention is also called to the door check which has been applied to thepivot 99 or the pivot at the knee of the toggle in combination with' adoor closing spring 52 applied to one of the arms of the toggle, orparticularly to the pivot for the 45 arm 28. The door check applied atthe pivot at the knee of the toggle or pivot 99 provides a pivot havingtwice the extent of rotation, as compared with the rotation of the pivotfor the arm 28 which is the usual point of application of a 5() doorcheck, or at the pivot |93. This greater extent of rotation of the pivot99 eifects a more accurate and more easily controlled door check.

From the foregoing it will be seen that my door mounting mechanismcomprises a spring 52, the 55 tension of which is increased during thetime the door is being opened and during the time tension is beingstored in the spring |23 in. the cylinder |20, so that the initialtendency toward closing the door is simultaneously supplied by thespring 52 in the hinge and the spring |23 in the cylinder. Havingprovided means for varying the tension on the spring 52, I am able toregulate the pressure necessary to open the door and also the springtension, or force, which tends to close the same.

From the foregoing, it will also be seen that a door mounting structurehas been provided which is simple of construction and of great strength.The elements are few in number and are readily assembled and aiford aneffective means for hanging a door at a desired height. Provision ismade for swinging the door in doorways of slightly varying dimensionswithout requiring a material change in the structure, thus adding to theconvenience of the device and the ability to standardize the partsthereof. Movement of the door to and from open and closed positions iseffected with facility in view of the fact that a portion of the doorswings in while another portion swings out, thus balancing the eectivepressures upon the sides thereof to prevent wind pressure, etc., fromresisting such movement. The toggle effect of themounting mechanismincluding the arm 21 and pivot connections of the door thereto, inaddition to a portion of the door between such pivot connections and theguide rollers H33, facilitate a checking of the movement of the door asit approaches a closed position. The means for straightening out thetoggle elements and thus closing the door is simple in construction andcontained within the door and mounting itself, thus improving theappearance thereof and permitting doors of any design to be used.Combined with the straightening out elements is a door check describedabove, and a door closing spring mounted in the hinge and these devices,being formed as a unit, add to the simplicity of the structure.

While the invention has been described with specific reference to theaccompanying drawings, it is not for this reason to be understood aslimited save as defined in the appended claims.

What I claim is:

1. Means for mounting a door comprising a hinge mounted in a doorway forsupporting a door between the vertical edges thereof, a spring disposedin the hinge for closing said door, and means for variably tensioningsaid spring, said tensioning means comprising an anchor and a shaft insaid hinge to which the ends of said spring are respectively fixed,means mounted in the floor for rotating said shaft and means for lockingsaid shaft in various positions.

2. Means for mounting a door comprising a hinge mounted in a doorway forsupporting a door between the vertical edges thereof, a spring disposedin the hinge for closing said door, and means for variably tensioningsaid spring, said tensioning means comprising an anchor and a shaft insaid hinge to which the ends of said spring are respectively fixed, agear mounted in the floor and fixed to said shaft for rotating saidshaft and a dog for locking said shaft in various positions.

3. Means for mounting a door comprising a hinge mounted in a doorway forsupporting a door between the vertical edges thereof, said hingecomprising a tube and a pair of laterally extending arms rigidly securedto the ends thereof a spring disposed in the tube for closing said door,and means for Variably tensioning said spring, said tensioning meanscomprisingan anchor and a shaft in said tube to which the ends of saidspring are respectively fixed, means mounted in the floor for rotatingsaid shaft and means for locking said shaft in various positions.

4. A door organization comprising in combination, a door, a door check,a hinge mounted in a doorway for supporting the door between thevertical edges thereof, means for operatively connecting said hinge tothe door check, -a tensioned spring for closing the door, said doorcheck comprising means adapted to be progressively tensioned during thedoor opening movement to yieldingly limit the extent to which the doormay be opened and to assist the door closing spring in closing saiddoor. I

5. A door organization comprising in combination, a door, a door check,a tubular hinge mounted in a ldoorway for supporting the door betweenthe vertical edges thereof, said hinge comprising a pair of laterallyextending arms rigidly secured to the ends thereof, one of said armsbeing operatively connected to the door 5 door may be opened and toassist the hinge spring 15.

in closing said door.

6. A door organization comprising in combination, a door, a door check,a hinge mounted in a doorway for supporting the door between thevertical edges thereof, said hinge comprising a 20 pair of laterallyextending arms rigidly secured to the ends thereof, one of said armsbeing operatively connected to the door check, a tensioned springoperatively connected to the hinge for closing the door, means forincreasing the tension 25 on said hinge spring as the door is opened,said door check comprising a cylinder, a piston, means operated by therelative movement between the door and hinge to move said piston to andfro in said cylinder, and a spring in said cylinder 30 adapted to becompressively tensioned by the piston during the latter part of the dooropening movement to yieldingly limit the extent to which the door may beopened and to assist the hinge spring during the initial part of thedoor clos- 35 ing movement in closing said door.

'7. A door organization, comprising in combination, a door; hinge meansfor the door including, an arm, pivot means fo-r the arm supporting thedoor proximate a doorway, and a 40 pivotal connection between the outerend of the arm and the door; means guiding the door at a point betweenthe vertical edges of the door, the arm forming one link and the doorbetween the pivotal connection and the guiding means form- 45.

ing the other link of a toggle, and spring means connected with the armto rotate the latter and close the door.

8. A door organization, comprising in combination, a door; hinge meansfor the door including, an arm, pivot means for the arm supporting thedoor proximate a doorway, and a pivotal connection between the outer endof the arm and the door at a vpoint between the vertical edges thereof;means guiding the door at a point between the vertical edges of thedoor, the arm forming one link and the door'between the pivotalconnection and the guiding means forming the other link of a toggle, andspring means connected with the arm to rotate the latter` and 50 closethe door.

9. A door organization, comprising in combination, a door; hinge meansfor the door includingfa pair of arms, pivot means for each arm forsupporting the door proximate a doorway, and a pivotal connectionbetween the outer end of each arm and the door at a point between thevertical edges thereof; means guiding the door at a point between thevertical edges of the door, the arms forming one link and the doorbetween the pivotal connection'and the guiding means forming the otherlink of a togglefand spring means connected with one of the arms torotate the latter and close the door.

10. A door organization, comprising in combi- 754 nation, a door; hingemeansfor the door including, an arm, pivot means for the arm forsupporting the door proximate a doorway, and a pivotal connectionbetween the outer end of the arm and the door at a point between itsvertical edges; means guiding the door at a point between the verticaledges of the door, the arms forming one link and the door between thepivotal vconnection and the guiding means forming the other link of atoggle, and spring means connected with the pivot means to rotate thelatter and close the door.

11. A door organization, comprising in combination, a door; hinge meansfor the door including, a pair of arms, pivot means for each arm forsupporting the door proximate a doorway, and a pivotal connectionbetween the outer end of each arm and the door at a point between itsvertical edges; means guiding the'door at a point spaced from thepivotal connection, the arms forming one link and the door between thepivotal connection and the guiding means forming the other link of atoggle, spring means connected with one of the arms to rotate the latterand close the door, and a second spring means urging the door to rotateabout its pivotal connection to close the door.

12. A door organization, comprising in combination, a door; hinge meansfor the door including, an arm, pivot means for the arm for supportingthe door proximate a doorway, and a pivotal connection between the outerend cf the arm and the door at a point between its vertical edges; meansguiding the door at a point spaced from the pivotal connection, the armforming one link and the door between the pivotal connection and theguiding means forming the other link of a toggle, spring means connectedwith the pivot means to rotate the latter and close the door, and asecond spring means urging the pivotal connection in a direction toclose the door.

13. A door organization, comprising in combination, a door; hinge meansfor the door including, an arm, pivot means for the arm for supportingthe door proximate a doorway, and a pivotal connection between the outerend of the arm and the door at a point between its vertical edges; meansguiding the door at a point spaced from the pivotal connection, the armforming one link and the door between the pivotal connection and theguiding means forming the other link'of a toggle mechanism, spring meansconnected with the pivot means to rotate the latter and close the door,and a second spring means urging the pivotal connection in a directionto close the door including, means delaying the tensioning of the secondspring means until the door is partially open.

14. A door mounting comprising in combination, hin-ge means for a doorincluding, an arm, pivot means for the arm for supporting the doorproximate a doorway, and a pivotal connection on the outer end of thearm pivotally securing the arm to the door; spring means connected withthe arm to rotate the latter and close the door, and a door checkconnected with the pivotal connection and controlling the rotationthereof to control the door closing.

l5. A door organization, comprising in combination, a door; hinge meansfor the door including, an arm, pivot means for the arm for supportingthe door proximate a doorway, and a pivotal connection between the outerend of the arm and the door at apoint between the vertical edges; meansguiding the door at a point spaced from the pivotal connection, the armforming one link and the door between the piv- 'otal connection and theguiding means forming the other link of a toggle, spring means connectedwith the arm to rotate the latter and close the door, and a door checkconnected with the pivotal connection and controlling the rotationthereof to control the ,door closing.

16. A door organization, comprising in com- 10 bination, a door; hingemeans for the door including, an arm, .pivot means for the arm forsupporting the door proximate a doorway, and a pivotal connectionbetween the outer end of the arm and the door at a point between thevertical edges; means guiding the door at a point spaced from thepivotal connection, the arm forming one link and the door between thepivotal connection and the guiding means forming the other link of atoggle, spring means connected with the arm to rotate the latter andclose the door, a door check connected with the pivotal connection andcontrolling the rotation thereof to control the door closing, and springmeans connected with the pivotal connection and urging the door torotate about the pivotal connection to close the door.

17. A door organization, comprising in combination, a door; hinge meansfor the door including, an arm, pivot means for the arm for supportingthe door proximate a doorway, and a pivotal connection between the outerend of the arm and the door at a point between the vertical edges; meansguiding the door at a point spaced from the pivotal connection, the armforming one link and the door between the pivotal connection and theguiding means forming the other link of a toggle, spring means connectedwith the arm to rotate the latter and close the door, and a door checkconnected with the pivotal connection and controlling the rotationthereof to control the door closing, and spring means connected with thedoor check and urging the door to rotate about the pivotal connection toclose the door.

18. A door organization comprising, in combination, a door, a doorwayfor the door; a hinge mounted proximate the doorway including, an armcarried by the hinge, and a pivotal connection on the arm pivotallysupporting the dcor at a point between the vertical edges thereof; meansguiding the door at a point spaced from the pivotal support of the arm,the arm forming one link and the door between the pivotal connection andthe guiding means forming the other link of a toggle, and a springdisposed in the hinge for swinging the arm and closing said door.

' 19.A door organization comprising, in combination, a door, a doorwaymullion; a hinge mounted in the doorway mullion including, an armcarried by the hinge and a pivotal connection on the arm pivotallysupporting the door at a point between the vertical edges thereof; meansguiding the door at a point spaced from the pivotal support of the arm,the arm forming one link and the door between the pivotal connection andthe guiding means forming the other link of a toggle, and a springdisposed in the hinge for swinging the armr and closing said door.

20. A door organization comprising, in combination, a door, a doorwaymullion; a hinge mounted in the doorway mullion including, an armcarried by the hinge, and a pivotal connection on the arm pivotallysupporting the door at a point between the Vertical edges thereof; a

spring disposed in the hinge for rotating the arm and closing said door,means guiding the door at a point spaced from the pivotal supportl ofthe arm, the arm forming one link and the door between the pivotalconnection and the guiding means forming the other link of a toggle, andmeans for variably tensioning said spring.

2l. A door organization comprising, in combination, a door, a doorwayfor the door; a hinge mounted proximate the doorway for supporting thedoor between the vertical edges thereof, said hinge comprising, a tube,a pair of laterally extending arms rigidly secured to the ends thereof,and a pivotal connection on the arms pivotally supporting the door at apoint between the vertical edges of the door; means guiding the door ata point spaced from the pivotal support of the arms, the arms formingone link and the door between the pivotal connection and the guidingmeans forming the other link of a toggle, and a spring disposed in thetube for swinging the arms and closing said door.

22. A door organization comprising, in combination, a door, a doorwayfor the door; a hinge mounted proximate the doorway for supporting thedoor between the vertical edges thereof, said hinge comprising, a tube,a pair of laterally extending arms rigidly secured to the ends thereof,and a pivotal connection on the arms pivotally supporting the door at apoint between the vertical edges of the door; means guiding the door ata point spaced from the pivotal support of the arms, the arms formingone link and the door` between the pivotal connection and the guidingmeans forming the other link of a toggle, a spring disposed in the tubefor swinging the arms and closing said door, and means for variablytensioning said spring.

23. A door organization comprising, in combination, a door, a door checksecured to the door; a hinge rotatably mounted proximate a doorway torsupporting the door between the vertical edges thereof, said hingecomprising, a pair of laterally extending arms rigidly secured thereto,and a pivotal connection on the arms pivotally supporting the door; oneof said arms being operatively connected to the door check to check theclosing of the door; means guiding the door at a point spaced from thepivotal support of the arms, the arms forming one link and the doorbetween the pivotal connection and the guiding means forming the otherlink of a toggle, and a tensioned spring in the hinge tending to closesaid door.

24. A door organization comprising, in combil nation, a door, a doorwaymullion, a door check secured to the door; a hinge rotatably mounted inthe doorway mullion for supporting a door between the vertical edgesthereof, said hinge comprising, a pair of laterally extending armsrigidly secured thereto, and a pivotal connection on the arms pivotallysupporting the door; one of said arms being operatively connected to thedoor check to check the closing of the door, means guiding the door at apoint spaced from the pivotal support of the arms, the arms forming onelink and the door between the pivotal connection and the guiding meansforming the other link of a toggle, and a tensioned spring in the hingetending to close said door.

25. A door organization comprising, in combination, a door, a doorwayfor the door; a doo-r check secured to the door, said door checkcomprising, means for yieldably limiting the extent to which the doormay be opened; a hinge rotatably mounted proximate the doorway for sup--porting the door between the vertical edges thereof, said hingecomprising, a pair of laterally extending arms rigidly secured to theends thereof,

and a pivotal connection on the arms pivotally 5 supporting the door;one of said arms being operatively connected to the door check to checkthe closing of the door and yieldably limit the extent to which saiddoor may be opened, means guiding the door at a point spaced from thepiv- 10l otal support of the arms, the arms forming one link and thedoor between the pivotal connection and the guiding means forming theother link of a toggle, and a spring in the tubular hinge for closingthe door. 15'

26. A door organization comprising, in combination, a door, a doorwayfor the door; a door check secured to the door, said door checkcomprising, means for yieldably limiting the extent to which the doormay be opened; a hinge 20 rotatably mounted proximate the doorway forsupporting the door between the vertical edges thereof, said hingecomprising, a pair of laterally extending arms rigidly secured to theends thereof, and a pivotal connection on the arms pivotally 25sup-porting the door; one of said arms being operatively connected tothe door check to check the closing of the door and yieldably limit theextent to which said door may be opened, means guiding the door at apoint spaced from the piv- 30 otal support of the arms, the arms formingone link and the door between the pivotal connection and the guidingmeans forming the other link of a toggle, a spring in the tubular hingefor closing the door, and means for tensioning said spring 35 as thedoor is opened. K

27. A door organization comprising, in combination, a door, a doorwaymullion; a door check secured to the door, said door check comprising,means for yieldably limiting the extent to which 40 the door may beopened; a hinge rotatably mounted in the doorway mullion for supportingthe door between the vertical edges thereof, said hinge comprising, apair of laterally extending arms rigidly secured to the ends thereof,and a pivotal 45 connection on the arms p-ivotally supporting the door;one of said arms being operatively connected to the door check to checkthe closing o-f the door and yieldably limiting the extent to which saiddoor may be opened, means guiding 50 the door at a point spaced from thepivotal supiport of the arms, the arms forming one link and the doorbetween the pivotal connection and the guiding means forming the otherlink of a toggle, and a spring in the tubular hinge for c1osing'55 thedoor.

28. A door organization comprising, in combination, a door, a doorway; adoor check secured to the door, said door check comprising means foryieldably limiting the extent to which the door 60 may be opened; ahinge rotatably mounted proximate the doorway for supporting the doorbetween the vertical edges thereof, said hinge comprising, a pair oflaterally extending arms rigidly secured to the ends thereof, and apivotal con- 65 nection on the arms pivotally supporting the door; oneof said arms being operatively connected to the door check tol check theclosing of the door and yieldably limit the extent to which said doormay be opened, means guiding the door at 70 a point spaced from thepivotal support of the arms, the arms forming one link and the doorbetween the pivotal connection and the guiding means forming the otherlink of a toggle, a spring in the tubular hinge for closing the door,means 75 for variably tensioning said spring, and means for increasingthe tension of said spring as the door is opened.

29. Means for mounting a door comprising a hinge mounted in a doorwayfor supporting a door between the vertical edges thereof, a springdisposed in the hinge for closing said door, and means for variab-lytensioning said spring, said tensioning means comprising an anchor and ashaft in said hinge to which the ends of said spring are respectivelyfixed, means proximate one end of said hinge for rotating said shaft,and means for locking said shaft in various positions.

30. Means for mounting a door comprising a hinge mounted in a doorwayfor supporting a door between the vertical edges thereof, a springcooperating with the hinge for closing said door, and means for Variablytensioning said spring, said tensioning means comprising means for xingone end of said spring to said hinge, means mounted proximate an end ofsaid hinge for moving the other end of said spring to Various positions,and means for locking the last named spring end in said positions.

31. A door mounting comprising in combination, hinge means for a doorincluding, an arm, pivot means for the arm for supporting the doorproximate a doorway, and a pivotal connection upon the outer end of thearm for connection with the door at a point between the vertical edgesthereof; means guiding the door at a point between the vertical edgesthereof, spring means connected with the arm to rotate the latter andcloseV the door, and a second spring means connected with the pivotalconnection and controlling the rotation thereof to control the doorclosing.

EDWARD H. ELLISON.

